"želězo" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "желѣзо",
            "3": "железо",
            "4": "жельзо"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: желѣзо (želězo), железо (železo), жельзо (želĭzo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: желѣзо (želězo), железо (železo), жельзо (želĭzo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "желѣзо"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: желѣзо (želězo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: желѣзо (želězo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "жале́за"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: жале́за (žaljéza)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: жале́за (žaljéza)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "желї́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: желї́зо (željízo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: желї́зо (željízo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "залі́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: залі́зо (zalízo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: залі́зо (zalízo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "желе́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: желе́зо (želézo)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: желе́зо (želézo); зеле́зо (zelézo), зяле́зо (zjalézo) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: желѣзо (želězo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⰶⰵⰾⱑⰸⱁ (želězo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "желя́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: желя́зо (željázo)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: желя́зо (željázo); джелязо (dželjazo) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "же́лезо"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: же́лезо (žélezo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: же́лезо (žélezo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "жѐљезо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: жѐљезо",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: жѐљезо, жѐлезо"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Latin: žèljezo, žèlezo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "želẹ́zo",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: želẹ́zo",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "želẹ́zo"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: želẹ́zo (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: želẹ́zo (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "železo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: železo\nCzech: železo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: železo\nCzech: železo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "żelazło"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: żelazło",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: żelazło"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "ziľozü"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: ziľozü",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: ziľozü"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "żelazo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: żelazo, zielazo, żalazo, żalezo\nPolish: żelazo\nSilesian: żelazo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: żelazo, zielazo, żalazo, żalezo\nPolish: żelazo\nSilesian: żelazo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "železo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: železo, zelezo\nPannonian Rusyn: желєзо (željezo)\nSlovak: železo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: železo, zelezo\nPannonian Rusyn: желєзо (željezo)\nSlovak: železo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "zelezo"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: zelezo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: zelezo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "železo"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: železo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: železo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "geležìs",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian geležìs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "dzelzs",
        "3": "dzèlzs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian dzèlzs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "gelso"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian gelso",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sit-pro",
        "2": "*qhleks",
        "3": "",
        "4": "(cast) iron"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qhleks (“(cast) iron”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "galēna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lead sulphide (mineral)"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin galēna (“lead sulphide (mineral)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γαλήνη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ǵl̥h₂-es-",
        "t": "glimmering, cheerful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, related to Lithuanian geležìs, Latvian dzèlzs and Old Prussian gelso, with no clear cognates in other Indo-European branches. The discrepancy of root vocalism between Slavic and Baltic is problematic and requires two different Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstructions, with short -*e- and long -*ē-. Thus, no common form can be reconstructed. Latvian and Old Prussian have syncopated the suffixal -e-.\nHas been compared with Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “ore, copper, bronze”), but the connection cannot be established in terms of regular phonetic correspondences. However, both could be independent loanwords from a common eastern source, whence also possibly Hittite [script needed] ((ḫ)apalki, “iron”). Possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qhleks (“(cast) iron”), though the direction and exact details of the borrowing are obscure.\nSemantically also close to Latin galēna (“lead sulphide (mineral)”), Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zoma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zomь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zoma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zȳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě̄xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "želě̀zo",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želězo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "EDSIL without passage",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant target parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "irony",
          "word": "želězьnъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "iron"
      ],
      "id": "en-želězo-sla-pro-noun-BOnA24fn",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "english": "glass ball, pebble",
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "glazъ"
        },
        {
          "english": "tortoise",
          "roman": "per Trubachev",
          "tags": [
            "possibly"
          ],
          "word": "žely"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "želьzo"
        },
        {
          "word": "zelězo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "želězo"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "irony",
      "word": "želězьnъ"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "желѣзо",
            "3": "железо",
            "4": "жельзо"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: желѣзо (želězo), железо (železo), жельзо (želĭzo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: желѣзо (želězo), железо (železo), жельзо (želĭzo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "желѣзо"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: желѣзо (želězo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: желѣзо (želězo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "жале́за"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: жале́за (žaljéza)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: жале́за (žaljéza)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rue",
            "2": "желї́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: желї́зо (željízo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Carpathian Rusyn: желї́зо (željízo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "залі́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: залі́зо (zalízo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: залі́зо (zalízo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "желе́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: желе́зо (želézo)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: желе́зо (želézo); зеле́зо (zelézo), зяле́зо (zjalézo) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Cyrillic: желѣзо (želězo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Glagolitic: ⰶⰵⰾⱑⰸⱁ (želězo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "желя́зо"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: желя́зо (željázo)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: желя́зо (željázo); джелязо (dželjazo) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "же́лезо"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: же́лезо (žélezo)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: же́лезо (žélezo)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "жѐљезо",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: жѐљезо",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: жѐљезо, жѐлезо"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Latin: žèljezo, žèlezo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "želẹ́zo",
            "alt": "",
            "bor": "",
            "der": "",
            "g": "",
            "pos": "",
            "t": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: želẹ́zo",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tonal orthography"
          },
          "expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
          "name": "i"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "želẹ́zo"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: želẹ́zo (tonal orthography)",
          "name": "desc/sl-tonal"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: želẹ́zo (tonal orthography)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-ocs",
            "2": "železo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Czech: železo\nCzech: železo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Czech: železo\nCzech: železo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "csb",
            "2": "żelazło"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashubian: żelazło",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashubian: żelazło"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pox",
            "2": "ziľozü"
          },
          "expansion": "Polabian: ziľozü",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polabian: ziľozü"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "żelazo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: żelazo, zielazo, żalazo, żalezo\nPolish: żelazo\nSilesian: żelazo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: żelazo, zielazo, żalazo, żalezo\nPolish: żelazo\nSilesian: żelazo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-osk",
            "2": "železo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Slovak: železo, zelezo\nPannonian Rusyn: желєзо (željezo)\nSlovak: železo",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Slovak: železo, zelezo\nPannonian Rusyn: желєзо (željezo)\nSlovak: železo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "zelezo"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: zelezo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: zelezo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "železo"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: železo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: železo"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "geležìs",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian geležìs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "dzelzs",
        "3": "dzèlzs"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian dzèlzs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "gelso"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian gelso",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sit-pro",
        "2": "*qhleks",
        "3": "",
        "4": "(cast) iron"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qhleks (“(cast) iron”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "galēna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "lead sulphide (mineral)"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin galēna (“lead sulphide (mineral)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γαλήνη",
        "3": "",
        "4": "serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ǵl̥h₂-es-",
        "t": "glimmering, cheerful"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Likely of Proto-Balto-Slavic origin, related to Lithuanian geležìs, Latvian dzèlzs and Old Prussian gelso, with no clear cognates in other Indo-European branches. The discrepancy of root vocalism between Slavic and Baltic is problematic and requires two different Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstructions, with short -*e- and long -*ē-. Thus, no common form can be reconstructed. Latvian and Old Prussian have syncopated the suffixal -e-.\nHas been compared with Ancient Greek χαλκός (khalkós, “ore, copper, bronze”), but the connection cannot be established in terms of regular phonetic correspondences. However, both could be independent loanwords from a common eastern source, whence also possibly Hittite [script needed] ((ḫ)apalki, “iron”). Possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *qhleks (“(cast) iron”), though the direction and exact details of the borrowing are obscure.\nSemantically also close to Latin galēna (“lead sulphide (mineral)”), Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “serenity, calmness; type of metal mineral”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵl̥h₂-es- (“glimmering, cheerful”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sla-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accent-paradigm"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zoma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zomъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zъmь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zomь",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zoma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zȳ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě̄xъ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀zě",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "želě̀za",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "želě̀zo",
        "ap": "a"
      },
      "name": "sla-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/želězo",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "english": "glass ball, pebble",
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "glazъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "tortoise",
      "roman": "per Trubachev",
      "tags": [
        "possibly"
      ],
      "word": "žely"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "EDSIL without passage",
        "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic hard neuter o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic hard o-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm a",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
        "Slovene quotations with omitted translation",
        "Slovene terms with quotations",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "sla-pro:Metals"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "iron"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Marko Snoj",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "želьzo"
    },
    {
      "word": "zelězo"
    }
  ],
  "word": "želězo"
}